Evaluation of Natural Ventilation Characteristics on the Sultanate of Ternate Mosque

Thermal comfort is very important in mosque buildings, especially during prayer times in order to increase the comfort and solemn in prayer. The usage of air conditioning for the mosque in Ternate City is not recommended because of the energy resources is limited (rotating blackout) and also to reduce its operational cost every month. Therefore, the application of natural ventilation is essential to improve thermal comfort in the mosque. This study aims to identify the characteristics of the natural ventilation system of Sultan Ternate Mosque by analyzing the orientation of inlet and outlet, ratio and dimension of openings, type and position of ventilation through the literature studies and field observations. The results show that the natural ventilation system of Sultan Ternate Mosque uses clerestory ventilation and cross ventilation systems, therefore the indoor thermal conditions can reach a comfortable level. Ventilation types are semicircular and vertical jalousie on the walls, and roof ventilation of 4-levels. The total area of ventilation holes are 110.24 m2, with the ratio is about 1.04 (inlet): 1.00 (outlet).